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    Inter-laboratory comparison of nanoparticle size measurements using dynamic light scattering and differential centrifugal sedimentation

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    Authors
    Langevin, D.
    Lozano, O.
    Salvati, A.
    Kestens, V.
    Monopoli, M.
    Raspaud, E.
    Mariot, S.
    Salonen, A.
    Thomas, S.
    Driessen, M.
    Haase, A.
    Nelissen, I.
    Smisdom, N.
    Pompa, P.P.
    Maiorano, G.
    Puntes, V.
    Puchowicz, D.
    Stępnik, M.
    Suárez, G.
    Riediker, M.
    Benetti, F.
    Mičetić, I.
    Venturini, M.
    Kreyling, W.G.
    van der Zande, M.
    Bouwmeester, H.
    Milani, S.
    Rädler, J.O.
    Mülhopt, S.
    Lynch, I.
    Dawson, K.
    Affiliation
    Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine
    Issue Date
    2018-04
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    Nanoparticle in vitro toxicity studies often report contradictory results with one main reason being insufficient material characterization. In particular the characterization of nanoparticles in biological media remains challenging. Our aim was to provide robust protocols for two of the most commonly applied techniques for particle sizing, i.e. dynamic light scattering (DLS) and differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS) that should be readily applicable also for users not specialized in nanoparticle physico-chemical characterization. A large number of participants (40, although not all participated in all rounds) were recruited for a series of inter-laboratory comparison (ILC) studies covering many different instrument types, commercial and custom-built, as another possible source of variation. ILCs were organized in a consecutive manner starting with dispersions in water employing well-characterized near-spherical silica nanoparticles (nominal 19 nm and 100 nm diameter) and two types of functionalized spherical polystyrene nanoparticles (nominal 50 nm diameter). At first each laboratory used their in-house established procedures. In particular for the 19 nm silica particles, the reproducibility of the methods was unacceptably high (reported results were between 10 nm and 50 nm). When comparing the results of the first ILC round it was observed that the DCS methods performed significantly worse than the DLS methods, thus emphasizing the need for standard operating procedures (SOPs). SOPs have been developed by four expert laboratories but were tested for robustness by a larger number of independent users in a second ILC (11 for DLS and 4 for DCS). In a similar approach another SOP for complex biological fluids, i.e. cell culture medium containing serum was developed, again confirmed via an ILC with 8 participating laboratories. Our study confirms that well-established and fit-for-purpose SOPs are indispensable for obtaining reliable and comparable particle size data. Our results also show that these SOPs must be optimized with respect to the intended measurement system (e.g. particle size technique, type of dispersant) and that they must be sufficiently detailed (e.g. avoiding ambiguity regarding measurand definition, etc.). SOPs may be developed by a small number of expert laboratories but for their widespread applicability they need to be verified by a larger number of laboratories.
    Citation
    NanoImpact 2018, 10:97-107
    Journal
    NanoImpact
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10146/618232
    DOI
    10.1016/j.impact.2017.12.004
    Additional Links
    https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2452074817300903
    Type
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    24520748
    Sponsors
    This work has been supported by the EU FP7 Capacities project QualityNano (grant no. INFRA-2010-262163). We are grateful to Sergio Anguissola, M. Zeghal, A. Dybowska, E. Isak, S. Schaaf, M. Cieślak, A. Wenk, S. Lucas, M. Nocuń, A. Jacobs, S.K. Misra, J. Forsgren, M. Giesberg, E. Rojas, S. Patel, S. Lawson and K. Steenson for their help during the measurements. We also acknowledge the participation of the following laboratories (not in the authors' list): Natural History Museum, London; Angstrom Microstructure Laboratory Myfab, Uppsala University, Sweden; Bayer Technology Services GmbH, Leverkusen, Germany; CIC biomaGUNE, Unidad Biosuperficies, San Sebastián, Spain; Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Leeds, England. The authors also thank E. Duh (JRC) for proofreading this manuscript.
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.impact.2017.12.004
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